Wednesday, September 29, 2010
Tuesday, September 28, 2010
Sebaceous Carcinoma
I thought I would write a little about uncommon and interesting cancers that I have run across. Here is one I have seen just recently:
Sebaceous Carcinoma
First noted in 1891 this cancer is thought to arise from the sebaceous glands in the skin and can be found anywhere on the body where these glands are found. It is commonly overlooked as a benign lesion which often delays treatment. A great majority of these tumors can be found in the periocular region, with just 25% of reported tumors occurring on the head and neck. In head and neck sebaceous carcinomas, the parotid gland represents 30% of cases. The clinical course of this carcinoma is aggressive in nature with significant local recurrence and metastatic disease. Site of distant mets are liver, lungs, bone and brain, and can occur as late as five years after initial diagnosis. Women develop this cancer more than men and it has greater frequency in the Asian population.
Sebaceous Carcinoma is associated with Muir-Torre syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by skin lesions, including benign and malignant sebaceous neoplasms, keratoacanthomas, and internal visceral malignancies (gastrointestinal and other sites).
This syndrome is a subtype of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome, occurring in approximately 5 out of every 200 patients. Approximately 60% will develope metastatic disease with a 50% survival rate calculated at 12 years. Lesions outside the head and neck have a more aggressive course. Cutaneous sebaceous neoplasms can precede or follow a diagnosis of visceral malignancy, although they usually develop later.
•Sebaceous carcinomas most commonly occur on the eyelids, where they generally arise from the meibomian glands and the glands of Zeiss. They may also occur almost anywhere on the skin, including the ears, the feet, the penis, and the labia. On the eyelids, the tumor appears as a firm, yellow nodule with a tendency to ulcerate. Clinically, these lesions are often mistaken for chalazia, chronic blepharoconjunctivitis, or carbuncles. Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid can invade the orbit and can frequently metastasize and cause death. Extraocular tumors can also metastasize but are less likely to cause death.
•The most common visceral neoplasm in MTS is colorectal cancer, occurring in almost one half of patients. The tumors are usually proximal to the splenic flexure. The second most common site is the genitourinary tract, representing approximately one quarter of visceral cancers. A wide variety of other cancers, including breast cancer, lymphoma and rarely leukemia, salivary gland tumors, lower and upper respiratory tract tumors, and chondrosarcoma, are reported. Intestinal polyps occur in at least one quarter of patients. Other benign tumors described in MTS include ovarian granulosa cell tumor, hepatic angioma, benign schwannoma of the small bowel, and uterine leiomyomas.
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1101433-overview
Sebaceous Carcinoma
First noted in 1891 this cancer is thought to arise from the sebaceous glands in the skin and can be found anywhere on the body where these glands are found. It is commonly overlooked as a benign lesion which often delays treatment. A great majority of these tumors can be found in the periocular region, with just 25% of reported tumors occurring on the head and neck. In head and neck sebaceous carcinomas, the parotid gland represents 30% of cases. The clinical course of this carcinoma is aggressive in nature with significant local recurrence and metastatic disease. Site of distant mets are liver, lungs, bone and brain, and can occur as late as five years after initial diagnosis. Women develop this cancer more than men and it has greater frequency in the Asian population.
Sebaceous Carcinoma is associated with Muir-Torre syndrome, a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by skin lesions, including benign and malignant sebaceous neoplasms, keratoacanthomas, and internal visceral malignancies (gastrointestinal and other sites).
This syndrome is a subtype of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome, occurring in approximately 5 out of every 200 patients. Approximately 60% will develope metastatic disease with a 50% survival rate calculated at 12 years. Lesions outside the head and neck have a more aggressive course. Cutaneous sebaceous neoplasms can precede or follow a diagnosis of visceral malignancy, although they usually develop later.
•Sebaceous carcinomas most commonly occur on the eyelids, where they generally arise from the meibomian glands and the glands of Zeiss. They may also occur almost anywhere on the skin, including the ears, the feet, the penis, and the labia. On the eyelids, the tumor appears as a firm, yellow nodule with a tendency to ulcerate. Clinically, these lesions are often mistaken for chalazia, chronic blepharoconjunctivitis, or carbuncles. Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid can invade the orbit and can frequently metastasize and cause death. Extraocular tumors can also metastasize but are less likely to cause death.
•The most common visceral neoplasm in MTS is colorectal cancer, occurring in almost one half of patients. The tumors are usually proximal to the splenic flexure. The second most common site is the genitourinary tract, representing approximately one quarter of visceral cancers. A wide variety of other cancers, including breast cancer, lymphoma and rarely leukemia, salivary gland tumors, lower and upper respiratory tract tumors, and chondrosarcoma, are reported. Intestinal polyps occur in at least one quarter of patients. Other benign tumors described in MTS include ovarian granulosa cell tumor, hepatic angioma, benign schwannoma of the small bowel, and uterine leiomyomas.
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1101433-overview
Friday, September 17, 2010
Deleting From Your Computer
Everyone has things on there computer, whether personal or professional, that they need to delete. But this article points out that some of this information may not be truly deleted and can remain on the computer.
Here's how to make sure it's completely gone:
http://daol.aol.com/articles/what-is-delete?icid=maing%7Cmaing7%7C5%7Clink3%7C15798
"Forgetting to delete pertinent information from any hard drive is worrisome. Copy machines also pose risks. As CBS reported in April, since 2002, most copiers are installed with hard drives that save images of all copied documents. When these machines are then sold or discarded, the stored information, which can include private information such as medical records, frequently remain intact.
Many users are still convinced that when they delete a document or file on their computer, it vanishes into thin air -- but that’s hardly the case.
As “Sam,” a security engineer who wishes to remain anonymous because of the nature of his job, explains: “When a user ‘deletes’ a file, it's not really gone. Deleted files are sent to the Trash folder. At this point, files can still be recovered.” However, even if the Trash folder is emptied, it doesn’t mean the file has disappeared completely. “But the longer a deleted file is left on a drive, the greater the chance the file cannot be recovered,” Sam says.
There are a number of programs out there that help ensure that your deleted files are really deleted. In addition to guarding your privacy by removing traces of your Internet browsing history and files and programs you have used, Computer Checkup Premium also cleans registries, removes clutter by clearing out temporary files, and helps solve the problem of a fragmented hard drive by rearranging data so it can be accessed more quickly.
If you have accidentally deleted files, Computer Checkup Premium also offers an '"undelete" function.
Then there are times when you really do need to permanently delete everything. If you are in the process of donating or selling your computer, or if you have sensitive information stored on it which you wish to be deleted permanently (such as medical information, bank or legal documents, or Social Security numbers), tech experts recommend reformatting your hard drive or performing a disk wipe. According to The Tech FAQ, “Formatting the hard drive or any of its partitions will completely erase all data that is present.”
A thorough “disk wipe” will essentially overwrite your hard drive to the point where recovery is impossible. As “Sam” explains, “When the U.S. Government wants to delete information from an entire hard drive, it employs the Department of Defense disk wipe, which means the entire drive has its data overwritten with a random pattern of zeros and ones (binary data) three times. At this point, any data on the hard drive is considered unrecoverable. In some instances, the platters are removed from the hard drive and dipped in caustic acid -- referred to as ‘erase by physical destruction.’
Users can (and should) erase the hard drives of their old computers so their data cannot be found by anyone else (think Paul McCartney). One program "Sam" and other tech experts recommend is Darik’s Boot and Nuke, which will delete the contents of a hard drive with certainty.
Sensitive information carelessly stored on computers can lead to identity theft, and also harks the growing need for computer forensics.
In 2007, for example, a forensics expert found that the new publisher of the Minneapolis Star Tribune had transferred sensitive information over from his St. Paul Pioneer Press computer, where he previously worked. In another case, the insurer Health Net was recently sued as a result of a missing computer hard drive that stored the medical records of several thousand customers.
Deleting files from your computer is similar to shredding documents: Store what you need, and digitally “shred” those you don’t.
Here's how to make sure it's completely gone:
http://daol.aol.com/articles/what-is-delete?icid=maing%7Cmaing7%7C5%7Clink3%7C15798
"Forgetting to delete pertinent information from any hard drive is worrisome. Copy machines also pose risks. As CBS reported in April, since 2002, most copiers are installed with hard drives that save images of all copied documents. When these machines are then sold or discarded, the stored information, which can include private information such as medical records, frequently remain intact.
Many users are still convinced that when they delete a document or file on their computer, it vanishes into thin air -- but that’s hardly the case.
As “Sam,” a security engineer who wishes to remain anonymous because of the nature of his job, explains: “When a user ‘deletes’ a file, it's not really gone. Deleted files are sent to the Trash folder. At this point, files can still be recovered.” However, even if the Trash folder is emptied, it doesn’t mean the file has disappeared completely. “But the longer a deleted file is left on a drive, the greater the chance the file cannot be recovered,” Sam says.
There are a number of programs out there that help ensure that your deleted files are really deleted. In addition to guarding your privacy by removing traces of your Internet browsing history and files and programs you have used, Computer Checkup Premium also cleans registries, removes clutter by clearing out temporary files, and helps solve the problem of a fragmented hard drive by rearranging data so it can be accessed more quickly.
If you have accidentally deleted files, Computer Checkup Premium also offers an '"undelete" function.
Then there are times when you really do need to permanently delete everything. If you are in the process of donating or selling your computer, or if you have sensitive information stored on it which you wish to be deleted permanently (such as medical information, bank or legal documents, or Social Security numbers), tech experts recommend reformatting your hard drive or performing a disk wipe. According to The Tech FAQ, “Formatting the hard drive or any of its partitions will completely erase all data that is present.”
A thorough “disk wipe” will essentially overwrite your hard drive to the point where recovery is impossible. As “Sam” explains, “When the U.S. Government wants to delete information from an entire hard drive, it employs the Department of Defense disk wipe, which means the entire drive has its data overwritten with a random pattern of zeros and ones (binary data) three times. At this point, any data on the hard drive is considered unrecoverable. In some instances, the platters are removed from the hard drive and dipped in caustic acid -- referred to as ‘erase by physical destruction.’
Users can (and should) erase the hard drives of their old computers so their data cannot be found by anyone else (think Paul McCartney). One program "Sam" and other tech experts recommend is Darik’s Boot and Nuke, which will delete the contents of a hard drive with certainty.
Sensitive information carelessly stored on computers can lead to identity theft, and also harks the growing need for computer forensics.
In 2007, for example, a forensics expert found that the new publisher of the Minneapolis Star Tribune had transferred sensitive information over from his St. Paul Pioneer Press computer, where he previously worked. In another case, the insurer Health Net was recently sued as a result of a missing computer hard drive that stored the medical records of several thousand customers.
Deleting files from your computer is similar to shredding documents: Store what you need, and digitally “shred” those you don’t.
Wednesday, September 15, 2010
Error Corrections to the AJCC Seventh Edition Staging Manual
http://www.cancerstaging.org/products/errata.html
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